Language is more than just words, it’s how we understand and express thoughts, ideas, and emotions. It includes gestures, pointing, sign language, augmentative and alternative Communication (AAC), written words, facial expressions, and even the way we use our tone of voice.

Speech and Language Therapists (SLTs) look at different aspects of language, including:

Understanding Language (Receptive Language) –

Making sense of words, following instructions, and processing information.

• Using Language (Expressive Language) – Putting words together, forming sentences, and telling stories.

• Social Communication (Pragmatics) – Knowing how to take turns in conversation, read body language, and use language appropriately in different situations.

• Vocabulary and Meaning (Semantics) – Understanding and using words correctly.

• Grammar and Sentence Structure (Syntax & Morphology) – Using correct word forms (e.g., plurals, verb tenses) and building clear sentences.

Signs a Child May Have Language Difficulties

Every child develops language skills at their own pace, but some may struggle more than expected. If so you might notice that your child:

• Finds it hard to follow instructions

• Finds it easier to focus on a conversation when there are fewer distractions

• Has a limited vocabulary for their age

• Struggles to put words/sentences together.

• Gets words mixed up or misses key parts of a sentence.

• Has difficulty telling a story or explaining what happened.

• Takes language literally and may not always understand jokes, sarcasm, or figurative language

• Finds conversations tricky—either not saying much or struggling to take turns

• May not always ask for help when needed or find it difficult to put their needs into words

• Expresses emotions in ways than talking, such as through gesture, pointing, and behaviour.